آزمون ماک OET: تسلط بر لیستنینگ بخش C

31. Dr. Vasco suggests that the primary shift in chronic pain management has been towards:

• a) Increased reliance on opioid medications.
• b) A more holistic, patient-centered model.
• c) Focusing solely on surgical interventions.

32. What does Dr. Vasco identify as a major challenge in treating chronic pain?

• a) The lack of effective diagnostic tools.
• b) Patients' unwillingness to engage in therapy.
• c) The subjective and invisible nature of the condition.

33. According to Dr. Vasco, what is the role of physical therapy?

• a) It is mainly for post-surgical recovery.
• b) It aims to improve function and reduce fear of movement.
• c) It serves as a replacement for medication.

34. Dr. Vasco mentions "central sensitization" to explain:

• a) How the nervous system becomes hypersensitive.
• b) The emotional impact of chronic pain.
• c) The way pain signals are transmitted initially.

35. What is Dr. Vasco's opinion on alternative therapies like acupuncture?

• a) They are ineffective and should be avoided.
• b) They can be a valuable part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
• c) They are only effective for acute, not chronic, pain.

36. What future direction for pain management does Dr. Vasco seem most optimistic about?

• a) The development of more powerful painkillers.
• b) The integration of virtual reality for therapy.
• c) Personalized medicine based on genetic markers.

37. What is the main reason Dr. Carter focuses on scalds?

• a) They are the most severe type of burn.
• b) They are the most common type of burn in young children.
• c) They are the easiest type of burn to treat.

38. Dr. Carter implies that many hot drink scalds are:

• a) Unavoidable accidents.
• b) The result of children's risky behavior.
• c) Preventable with simple changes in adult habits.

39. When discussing first aid for burns, what does Dr. Carter emphasize most?

• a) The immediate application of ice packs.
• b) The duration and temperature of the cooling water.
• c) Covering the burn with a dry bandage immediately.

40. What mistake do parents often make, according to Dr. Carter?

• a) They wait too long to seek medical help.
• b) They use home remedies like butter or toothpaste.
• c) They overestimate the severity of the burn.

41. Dr. Carter suggests that the "palm-size" rule is useful for:

• a) Estimating the depth of the burn.
• b) Deciding whether to call an ambulance.
• c) Helping parents assess when to seek professional medical advice.

42. What is the primary goal of the initial management of a burn?

• a) To prevent any possibility of scarring.
• b) To stop the burning process and minimize tissue damage.
• c) To provide immediate pain relief through medication.