OET Rx (Student Pre-Class)
Lesson 18: Explaining Prevention Strategies
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Watermark: Persia Global
Course Progress
Part 1: Lesson Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
- Differentiate between and explain the concepts of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
- Clearly explain risk factors and protective factors to a patient.
- Discuss the rationale behind screening programs and vaccinations.
- Motivate patients to adopt preventative health behaviors.
Lesson Video
Coming Soon
This video will be available for the offline course version.
Part 2: Vocabulary & Examples
Study the words, their pronunciations, Persian translations, and example sentences to understand how they are used in context.
General Vocabulary
ایده
The entire idea behind a screening program is to detect a disease before any symptoms develop.
ایده‌آل
In an ideal world, we would prevent all illnesses, but the next best thing is to catch them early.
کاهش دادن
Through this discussion, I hope to find lifestyle changes that can mitigate any modifiable risk factors.
نادیده گرفتن
It is very important that you do not ignore the recall letter for your screening test, as it is a crucial preventative measure.
بیماری
Our goal is to create a long-term plan to prevent future illness, rather than just treating problems as they arise.
تصویر
The mammogram will give us a clear image of the breast tissue, allowing us to identify any early changes.
تصور کردن
I can imagine that discussing these risks might be worrying, but knowledge is the first step towards prevention.
فوری
One immediate step you can take to reduce your risk is to stop smoking.
بلافاصله
If you develop any of the red flag symptoms we discussed, you must contact us immediately.
تأثیر
Lifestyle changes can have a huge impact on reducing your risk of developing heart disease.
اشاره کردن
A positive screening test does not imply a diagnosis of cancer; it simply means we need to do further, more definitive tests.
اهمیت
I cannot overstate the importance of vaccination in preventing serious childhood illnesses.
مهم
It is important to understand that having a risk factor does not mean you will definitely get the disease.
غیرممکن
It is impossible to eliminate all risks, but we can certainly take steps to manage and reduce them.
برداشت
My impression is that you are hesitant to take this preventative medication, so let's discuss your concerns.
چشمگیر
The impressive decline in the incidence of cervical cancer is a direct result of the HPV vaccination and screening programs.
بهبود بخشیدن
Even small changes to your diet can significantly improve your long-term health outcomes.
بهبود
We are looking for a gradual improvement in your cholesterol levels as a result of these preventative measures.
حادثه
Following the recent cardiac incident in your family, it is even more important to assess your own risk factors.
شامل شدن
A comprehensive prevention plan should include diet, exercise, and regular health screenings.
افزایش دادن
Our goal is to increase your level of physical activity to at least 150 minutes per week.
به طور فزاینده
It is becoming increasingly clear that preventative medicine is the most effective approach to public health.
در واقع
This is, indeed, a very effective vaccine with a long and proven safety record.
مستقل
Our aim is to give you the tools and knowledge to take independent control of your health.
Medical Vocabulary
شیوع
The national vaccination program has led to a dramatic decrease in the incidence of measles.
بیماری‌زایی
The primary goal of statin therapy is to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
مرگ‌ومیر
Smoking cessation is the single most effective preventative intervention to reduce cancer mortality.
پیشگیری
Primary prevention, like vaccination, aims to stop the illness from ever occurring.
گسترش
The prevalence of obesity is a major public health concern as it is a risk factor for many other illnesses.
پیشگیری دارویی
We recommend antibiotic prophylaxis before this dental procedure due to your heart condition.
عامل محافظتی
Regular exercise is a powerful protective factor against both cardiovascular disease and depression.
عامل خطر
A high-fat diet is a significant modifiable risk factor for developing high cholesterol.
غربالگری
The national bowel cancer screening program is offered to everyone over the age of 60.
واکسیناسیون / ایمن‌سازی
Vaccination is the safest and most effective way to prevent many serious infectious diseases.
Part 3: Pre-Class Practice Tests
Reading Task (Longer & More Professional):
Excerpt from "The Lancet Public Health"
The prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) serves as a paradigm for the application of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies. Primary prevention involves measures to avert the initial occurrence of CVD in individuals who are currently healthy. This population-level approach focuses on mitigating modifiable risk factors. Key interventions include promoting smoking cessation, encouraging a balanced diet low in saturated fats, and advocating for regular physical activity. Public health campaigns and government policies, such as sugar taxes, are crucial components of this stage. The goal is to reduce the overall incidence of CVD in the population. In contrast, secondary prevention targets individuals who are at high risk of CVD or who have early signs of disease but are not yet symptomatic. This includes interventions such as prescribing statins for those with elevated cholesterol levels or recommending regular screenings like blood pressure checks for early detection. Tertiary prevention, meanwhile, focuses on managing established CVD to prevent further complications and improve quality of life.
Question: According to the text, what is the main difference between primary and secondary prevention?
Listening Task (Part C Simulation - Interview):
Scenario: You will hear an interview with an epidemiologist, Dr. Chen, discussing challenges in cancer screening programs.
Task:
1. What does Dr. Chen say is a major barrier to people attending screening?
2. Dr. Chen implies that an ideal screening program should be...
Part 4: Answer Key for Pre-Class Work
Reading Answer: b) Primary prevention targets the entire population, while secondary prevention targets high-risk individuals.
Listening Answers: 1. c) Fear of the procedure itself or of a potential bad result. 2. b) Easy for patients to access and understand.
Part 5: In-Class Preparation
Be prepared to discuss the vocabulary and practice the following tasks in class.
Speaking Task: OET Role-Play Card (Medicine)
Setting: A GP's office during an annual check-up.
Patient: A 45-year-old male patient who feels perfectly healthy. He is a smoker (15 per day) and his father had a heart attack at age 52. His blood pressure and BMI are at the higher end of normal.
Task: Acknowledge his current good health. Gently introduce the concept of "risk factors" versus current illness. Explain how his smoking and strong family history are significant risk factors for future heart disease. Emphasize that he has the power to change this future outlook. Introduce the idea of smoking cessation as the single most important preventative step he can take. Suggest a follow-up appointment specifically to discuss a smoking cessation plan.
Writing Task:
You are the doctor from the speaking scenario. Following the consultation, you are writing a referral letter to your in-house "Smoking Cessation Clinic" for this patient. The patient has agreed, albeit reluctantly, to attend. Write a 180-200 word letter. You must outline the patient's significant cardiovascular risk factors to emphasize the urgency of the intervention.